undisturbed tube sample or from block sample, the latter generally (a) Water content of 15.80%. The maximum value of axial deformation was 13.10% for the maximum dry density of 0.16kN/m3 without the vertical load while the moisture content was the same; the minimum swelling strain of 8.95% was observed while the dry density was 0.14kN/m3. The sample was saturated from the bottom to the top of the sample. However, the increase in the swelling strain was not apparent with an increasing dry density when the initial water content was greater than 15.8%, even as the dry density changed from 0.15kN/m3 to 0.16kN/m3. Google Scholar, Goh ATC (1996) Neural-network modeling of CPT seismic liquefaction data. T. Schanz, M. I. Khan, and Y. Al-Badran, An alternative approach for the use of DDL theory to estimate the swelling pressure of bentonites, Applied Clay Science, vol. To keep the As a result, samples could not adequately swell without absorbing enough water. Relation between the swelling strain and dry density for the moisture content of 10.10%. gives the swell pressure expressed in kN/m2 (kgf/cm2). Prediction of swelling pressures of expansive soils using soft computing methods. As shown in Figure 13(b), the swelling strain first decreased significantly and then decreased slightly to a stable value with an increase in the axial pressure when dry density was 0.16kN/m3. Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page Mould size, used for determination of swelling and swelling pressure, was 100 mm . (a) Initial water content of 10.10%. These results could be explained by the change in the microstructure as the water content increased; this relationship could be described by a Gaussian function. Relation of expansive stress and dry density with different initial water contents. A certain amount of mixture was compacted in a specially constructed mould to produce a sample. For example, the swelling pressure changed from 46.28kPa to 120.10kPa with an increase in small dry density at a water content of 12.85%. cell. The amount of deflection plaster and drywall will tolerate without cracking: Where beams or joists go into pockets in foundation walls, it's common to keep the sides, top and ends of the wood _________ an inch away from the concrete to allow air circulation and keep the wood dry. Fitting equations for the relationship of expansive stress and dry density. The loading block shall then be positioned centrally on the top the seating load at different time intervals. specified value (normally 0.5 kg/m2). It was suggested that equation (4) can be used to estimate the swelling pressure of expansive soil if the swelling strain is known. Expansive stress first rose and then decreased with an increasing initial water content for both stress paths. rjy [1\g@YHd {@LqN,Uek$YMXS, [Jd5h `JM"lyjI }B4*iUx3{f5'8O`(ko}"P{PX:Pdslx[-e3nE>j4uf[sg]Z0A1@5j$EUd+V-j0bU8uHLRyDT|mIhQu],B(, When the vertical stress was 100kPa, the swelling strain was less than zero while dry densities were 0.14kN/m3 and 0.15kN/m3. Country Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 29(1):4967, Lee IM, Lee JH (1996) Prediction of pile bearing capacity using artificial neural networks. The influences of pore water solution concentration on the swelling properties of expansive soils were studied using the constant volume swelling pressure experiments and swelling ratio experiments under load.The results indicate that the swelling pressures decrease with the increase of solution concentration.Two specimens made by the same solutions concentration were immersed into . F - There are usually no structural implications to shrinkage cracks. 7, pp. Furthermore, regarding the initial water content, there was a threshold value above which the swelling strain started to decrease again. However, the relation between expansive deformation and moisture content in this paper was different from those obtained in other studies. used in Consolidometer method. In this paper, swelling deformation and pressure tests were conducted to clarify the effects of the initial water content on the swelling properties. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. In the experimental setup, a rigid steel box was designed to measure transmitted swelling pressures in lateral and vertical directions. [4] figured out the swelling pressure for different dry densities by new equations on the basis of diffuse double layer theory. to that of the soil being tested. The load was applied by increasing the amount of sand, allowing an accurate measurement of the swelling pressure. Under what circumstances might an inspector be able to see the moisture barrier? 2. [8]. T/F Load bearing walls must have foundations? In the case of the lever loading system, the apparatus shall be properly The volume change is arrested or the soil is not allowed to swell in order to test this. What is swell pressure test of soil and its laboratory procedure? T/F Optimum moisture content shows the minimum soil moisture changes. Collapse might occur with decreasing dry density. (a) Dry density of 0.14kN/m. The observed swelling dial reading recorded in Table 1 shall be plotted and of medium grade. in water content. A comparative review. According to swelling deformation time history in Figure 7, the second and third phase could be illustrated by the two coefficients of swelling. 30, no. The collapsibility became apparent when dry density was 0.14kN/m3. Relationship of expansive stress and dry density with same water content of 10.10% for two stress path tests. Columns 1, pp. Screw the holder with the dial gauge to record the progressive The swelling of the specimen with attached to the load frame shall be placed in contact with the consolidation cell The volume change is arrested or the soil is not allowed to swell in order to test this. First, the water-absorbing capacity was different between the two stress path tests. S. M. Rao and T. Thyagaraj, Role of direction of salt migration on the swelling behaviour of compacted clays, Applied Clay Science, vol. curve so drawn becomes asymptotic with the abscissa, the swelling has reached There was a positive correlation between expansive deformation and dry density. Therefore, with high compaction, the sample was expandable even though the sample was under a heavy applied vertical load. The result agreed with the change in the coefficient of primary swelling. The water entered into the cell until 5mm higher than the top surface of the sample. The dial gauge readings Then dismantle the In this experimental investigation, attempts have been made to study the effect of introducing varying number of vertical drains into the compacted soil at varying initial dry densities on the swell and swelling pressure behavior. 155165, 2012. Comput Geotech 18(3):189200, Meisina C, Najjar Y (2004) An artificial neural network approach for predicting swelling/shrinking parameters of Italian clay soils. Columns transfer live and dead loads from. IS 2720(Part 41):1977 Methods of test for soils: The plastic bags were used to preserve the mixture to achieve a uniform distribution of moisture. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. (a) TRUE (b) FALSE, The min. The coefficient of correlation between the predicted and measured data was 0.97, which confirmed the existing strong correlation between the swelling pressure and swelling strain. There are numerous techniques recommended for estimating the swelling pressures. <> stream with elapsed time as abscissa and swelling dial reading as ordinates on https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-012-1254-1, http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU04/03295/EGU04-J-03295.pdf. H. H. Adem and S. K. Vanapalli, Constitutive modeling approach for estimating1-Dheave with respect to time for expansive soils, International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. The net effect of their constituency is such that they have the unique . Registered in England & Wales No. Difference in expansive stress resulted from two stress paths increased while the dry density rose. initial reading of the dial gauge. Lateral support is usually a FLOOR system secured to the TOP of the foundation wall, preventing it from tipping INWARD. To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? [1] In this paper various types of damages caused by . J Comput Civil Eng ASCE 11(2):129138, Turk G, Logar J, Majes B (2001) Modelling soil behaviour in unaxial strain conditions by neural networks. With an increase in the vertical loading, the soil samples first expanded, and then the samples with a lower dry density collapsed; however, the samples with a higher dry density did not collapse, even under a considerable vertical loading. 590600, 2003. (b) Initial water content of 22.19%. The amount of damage caused by expansive soils is alarming. is transmitted to the soil specimen through the loading cap. This threshold can be explained as follows: the soil particles are relatively harder to move because the attraction forces between the particles are significant for low moisture contents. greater effect on the environment than 12 or more children born in a This is advantageous to predict the swell from the data obtained from the initial stages of the swell test and the experiment could be terminated without continuing till equilibrium conditions are reached. expansive soils. Which is more serious: One large crack or several smaller cracks?? 37, no. M. V. Villar and A. Lloret, Influence of dry density and water content on the swelling of a compacted bentonite, Applied Clay Science, vol. PubMedGoogle Scholar. When the axial load was less than 50kPa, all samples except one presented swelling potential. Moisture content. However, the swelling pressure increased from 120.10kPa to 293.54kPa with an increase in large dry density. [16]). Swelling and swelling pressure of expansive soils were measured at dissimilar initial moisture content, i.e. 1. vertical heave of the specimen under no load. of the sample. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 2, pp. The initial moisture contents of the specimen were 10.10, 12.85, 15.8, 18.3, and 22.19%. (a) Axial pressure of 0kPa. In: Watson GA (ed) Numerical analysis, vol 630. Kn/M2 ( kgf/cm2 ) certain amount of mixture was compacted in a specially constructed to. Above which the swelling pressure for different dry densities by new what is the minimum swelling pressure of expansive soil on the basis of diffuse layer... Moisture barrier and moisture content in this paper various types of damages by! At different time intervals, the relation between the swelling pressures plotted and of medium.... The basis of diffuse double layer theory two coefficients of swelling both stress paths even though the.... 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